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What is an Impulse Turbine? It's working and its applications
A turbine is a rotating mechanical device that generates electricity. These turbines can be classified based on their requirements, such as water turbine or hydroturbine, gas turbine and steam turbine, or wind turbine.
Hydro turbines can be divided into two types based on the way the force is transferred between water and turbines-like impulse turbine or reaction turbine.
These turbines are used to transform the potential and kinetic energy of water supply into mechanical work. This article will discuss one type of hydro turbine, the impulse turbine, and how it works with its applications.
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What is an Impulse Turbine?
An impulse turbine is the most common type of turbine. This means that a water jet from a penstock drives the turbine and colloids through the blades.
This turbine is powered by the water jet's impulse force. The turbine includes the major components, such as a set of blades and nozzles. Below is the diagram of an impulse turbine.
The turbine has several stationary nozzles which convert the jet water pressure to kinetic energy. The water will flow through the nozzle and then hit the impeller blades. This will convert the kinetic energy of the jet water into water speed. These turbines are designed for higher head functions and lower water flow rates.
An impulse turbine differs from a reaction turbo because all hydraulic power can be converted into kinetic energy by using nozzles. There are no force changes and an impulse turbineonly a small amount of energy can be transformed into kinetic.
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Impulse Turbine Construction
There are many components that can be used to build an impulse turbine. The components of an impulse turbine are mainly:
Penstock
This turbine's penstock is a pipe, or channel that supplies water to the turbine. Because the reservoir is located at the high end, the turbine is at the bottom, the penstock can be very useful in providing water to the turbine.
Nozzle
The main function is to supply water to the impeller blades. The water from the reservoir is then supplied to the nozzle where it can convert the water pressure energy into kinetic energy. After this is complete, the impeller blades receive enhanced kinetic energy from water.
Runner/Impeller
The shape of the turbine's runner is a circular disc that is placed on a rotating shaft, which is known as a rotor. The runner is also designed to accommodate the cup-shaped blades (buckets), which are evenly curved.
Bucket
The buckets are cup- or spoon-shaped blades that are used in wind turbines. They are placed at the edges of the runners so that energy can flow between the turbine and the water.
These buckets can be made from cast iron or stainless-steel. Once the water jet leaves the nozzle, it strikes the buckets of the turbine to cause the impulse turbine to turn. The turbine design will dictate that the fluid direction during exit will be different from the impact angle.
This angle should be 180 degrees to gain enormous energy. The angle can be restricted to 170 degrees here because the exit flow of one bucket doesn't crash into the next bucket and does not cause it break.
Casing
Cast iron is used to make the protection shield that covers the turbine's casing. This shield protects from water splatter and directs the spillway channel to ensure that water doesn't disperse. The shield protects the turbine's components from the external environment.
Braking Jet
After the water supply is shut off, the turbine blades will be avoided by the brake jets. Even after the water supply has been turned off, the turbine's blades will continue to rotate. To prevent the blade from spinning instantly, the turbine blade will strike the opposite side of the blade.
Spear
The spear's structure is conical in the turbine. It is connected to the regulator to regulate the water supply to and out of the nozzle.
Impulse Turbines Working
The principle of Newton's second law governs the impulse turbine. These types of turbines can store water in high-altitude reservoirs and supply it through penstock to the turbine at ground level. The following steps are required to operate the turbine.
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